Why UNO was established?


The two World Wars (World War I and II) which took place between the years 1914-1945 brought huge devastation on the human lives and properties. It is estimated that more 50 millions of lives and around US$ 3500 worth of properties has been lost in these wars.
Some of the countries’ leaders finally realized the ‘scourge of war’ and finally decided to form an effective world organization. This world organization was aimed preventing the future wars and bring peace and security in the world.

       
                                           

UN CHARTER 


 
*It is the sacred document of UNO. It contains re, purpose and principles.

MEMBERSHIP:

            -           Its open to all peace loving Nations
-           Original members are those who took part in the San Francisco    conference (i.e. 50 countries).
-           Five Permanent members – UK, U.S.A, USSR, France & China. They enjoy VETO powers.

UN Flag:

-           It is a light blue flag with the UN Emblem in White in the center of the flag. It was adopted on October 20, 1947.
UN Flag
Courtesy: google images

 

ORGANS OF UNO.

1.      General Assembly: (Legislative Organ)
 
 
Head Quarter – New York
Members:        All the members of UN are the members. Each member has one vote. Thus it is called as deliberative organ of UN.
Decision Making: 2/3 majority is required in decision making.
Sessions:          Every yearThird Tuesday of September – Mid-December. It can assemble if majority members agree and on emergency.
           
Functions & Powers:
  • To consider & approve the budget of UN.
  • To make recommendations for the peaceful settlement if disputes arises among nations.
  • To elect the non-permanent members of the other organs of UN.
  • To appoint the Secretary General of UN on the recommendation of Security Council.
 
*** ‘Uniting for peace’resolution was signed in November 1950. The resolution states that in case Security Council fails to settle any disputes which can create threats to International peace & security the General Assembly can take action against the aggressor. It is an additional responsibility on the UNGA.
 
1.      Security Council: (Executive Organ)
 
Head Quarter – New York
Members: - Five Permanent members – UK, USA, USSR, France & China.
                        - 10 Non-permanent members.
                        - Tenure – two years.
 
Decision Making: Requires nine votes= 5 votes of permanent members and 4 votes of non-permanent members. The permanent members enjoy ‘VETO’ power. If veto power is exercised the decision will not be finalized but in case neither a veto power nor a vote is exercised the decision will be final.
 
 Functions:
  • To investigate any dispute that might lead to International friction upon the appeal of the nation involved and solve it peacefully.
  • To can issue ceasefire directives, direct peace keeping force & take military actions against an aggressor.
  • Recommend the admission of new members to UN and non-permanent members to other organs of UN.
  • To exercise the trusteeship functions in strategic areas.
  • To recommend the nominees for the Secretary General and the Judges for International Court of Justice.
 
  
2.      International court of Justice. (Judiciary Organ of UN)
 
Head Quarter – The Hague in the Netherlands.
Members: - 15 Judges. (The president & vice president will be elected amongst
   the members for the term of three years)
- Tenure nine years.
 
Criteria:          - Qualification.
                         - The judges must be from different nations.
 
Functions:      
  • It gives legal advises to the other organs of UN.
  • It interprets Laws. It settles International disputes. The nation becomes party if it appeals and must abide by the decision made by the International Court of Justice.
  • It can ask for compensation and forward the case to Security Council of any nation fails to abide by its decision.
 
 
3.      Secretariat. (Administrative Organ)
Head Quarter – New York
-It is the administrative body of UN headed by Secretary General

-It has 14,000 staff.
 
 
Present UN SEcxretary General Mr. António Guterres.
Courtesy: ikipedia
 
 
4.       Economic & Social Council.
 
Head Quarter - New York
Members: - 54 members.
                        - Tenure: three years.
Function:
·         Coordinate the economic & social development of the world.
It provides peace building support through its agencies like UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO, and W H O & ILO.
 
5.       Trusteeship Council
HQ - New York
Members: - 5 Permanent members.
Function:
  • Supervises the administration of the trust territories placed under its care.
  • Recommends solutions and guidance to the trust territories.